What Is A Bicycle? Who Is A Cyclist?

 

What is a bicycle? Who is a cyclist?

If I were to teach a class in law or philosophy, I would want to deal with those questions. They’re not merely exercises in semantics. The possible answers have ramifications in any number of areas, including urban planning, law enforcement and insurance.

If I wanted to be pedantic (or what Google-educated “scholars” of the US Constitution call “originalist” or what might be known as “fundamentalist “ in religion) I would define a “bicycle” as two wheels propelled by two pedals. But such a definition could include any contraption with a motor or anything else that amplifies or assists the person pushing or spinning the pedals.

Also, such a fundamentalist or originalist, if you will, delineation would exclude the Draisienne or pretty much anything preceding Pierre Michaux’s creation.  On the other hand, it would also exclude scooters and other two-wheeled devices not propelled by pedals. But it also wouldn’t include tricycles, whether they’re made for adults or children.

Until this month the state of Illinois defines a bicycle thusly: “every device propelled by human power upon which any person may ride, having two tandem wheels except scooters and similar devices.” 

Such a definition might have been adequate a decade or so ago, before the proliferation of e-bikes and electric scooters, even if it didn’t include adult tricycles which, I imagine, are relatively few in number in Illinois. But now people who haven’t cycled much, or at all, since they got their driver’s licenses conflate anything with two wheels with bicycles.

That is part of the weakness in the state’s new legal definition of bicycles, which took effect on 1 August:

every human-powered or low-speed electric vehicle with two or more wheels not less than 12 inches in diameter, designed for the transportation of one or more persons.

So what, exactly, is meant by “low-speed?” (At my age, that could mean any speed at which I ride!😟) Or “human-powered?” Could a hand operating a throttle fit into that category?

While I complain about the lack of enforcement—at least here in NYC—of the prohibition against motorized bikes and scooters on bike lanes, I can almost understand it: In the absence of clear legal definitions, most cops think that anything with two wheels—even if it’s effectively an electric motorcycle—is a bicycle, and anyone who rides them is a cyclist.